Chengde Mountain Resort as a Case Study
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Cultural landscape, landscape approach, heritage conservation and development, landscape & architecture, environmental assessment, landscape ecology, geographical hazards, AI-driven planning, public & perception, landscape governanceAbstract
This thesis argues that cultural landscapes can be conserved and developed through an integrated landscape approach that treats them as living systems. Heritage value emerges not only from monuments or scenic elements, but from the interaction of physical structures, ecological processes, historical layers, and social experience. In response to climate change and urban transformation, conservation must move beyond static object protection toward system evolution, long-term resilience and adaptive capacity.
The proposed landscape approach connects three components: landscape mapping, landscape planning, and landscape design. Landscape mapping characterizes long-term evolution, persistent spatial structures, and scene-level attributes through literature synthesis, digital reconstruction, clustering, and land-use analysis, using Chengde Mountain Resort as the case.
Landscape planning integrates hazards, ecological sensitivity, expert knowledge, public perception, spatial relationships, and visitor movement. The Hazard–Ecology–Perception Landscape Planning (HEPLP) framework supports targeted zoning and governance, while the Perceptual–Spatial Landscape Planning Model (PSLPM) uses large language models, graph neural networks, and route optimization to reduce visitor pressure, improve perceptual coherence, and expand access to meaningful but overlooked scenes. Landscape design translates diagnosis and planning into operational actions. Design-based and cluster-specific toolkits support reversible construction, compatible material selection, stronger ecological connections, improved water retention, and more effective visitor allocation. The overall contribution is a coherent framework that connects historical understanding and resilience with implementable strategies for conservation and development.
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