A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
type: channel
description: A+BE publishes PhD theses in the field of Architecture and the Built Environment exclusively.
publisher: TU Delft Bouwkunde
language: en
publication name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
issn: 2212-3202
items: Producing Place as a Network of Spatial Practices
items: Towards Occupant-Centered Automated Façades
items: Visual Heritage Landscape Research
items: Cultivating Change
items: Public Thresholds
items: Justice, Welfare, and the Energy Transition
items: Solar Active Facade Design and Development
items: Reconstructing Aleppo Together
items: Modelling Daylight for Existing Indoor Spaces
items: Navigating mega-regionalization
items: Franco Purini
items: Urban Wilderness by Design
items: Integrating Urban Metabolism into Strategic Urban Planning
items: Decoding Open Data Intermediation Business Models
items: A Hospital Design Support System
items: Beweging in het plan
items: 3D Land Administration in line with the Spatial Development Lifecycle
items: Evaluating Participatory Planning
items: Housing Affordability and Decarbonisation in Europe
items: Analysing Low-Income Incremental Housing through Spatial Design and Governance
items: Reconfiguration of Practices towards a Circular Economy in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction sector
items: Circular and Adaptable Building Transformation
items: Harde stad, zachte stad
items: From access to re-use
items: Alignment of Partnering with Construction IT
items: Adaptive Planning for Resilient Coastal Waterfronts
items: Revisiting Urban Dynamics through Social Urban Data
items: Policy Instruments to Improve Energy Performance of Existing Owner Occupied Dwellings
items: De gevel – een intermediair element tussen buiten en binnen
items: De Landschapsarchitectuur van het Polder-boezemsysteem

Producing Place as a Network of Spatial Practices
type: item
description: This research examines how places are produced through students' everyday spatial practices at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda—a rapidly urbanizing city with a booming youth population. Situated at the intersection of colonial-postcolonial history and coexisting formal and informal urban development, Makerere University presents a context that demands approaches beyond Western-centric or structuralist frameworks. Adopting a theoretically driven case study approach, this study employs "campushood" as its primary analytical lens, encompassing both students and the campus environment to enable a holistic, thick description of students' lifeworlds. Through mixed methods, including multi-vocal archival research, place-based interviews, mental mapping, time-budget surveys, and ethnography, this study conducts a multi-layered analysis of spatial practices. Theoretically, this study proposes a space ontology that understands place as a network of spatial practices, drawing on Theodore Schatzki’s flat ontology and Michel de Certeau’s theory of spatial practices. The proposed urban (ab)normalist framework further supports a contextual and practice-oriented research methodology. Methodologically, the study combines interdisciplinary research methods with ethnomethodology to examine how students navigate and make sense of everyday environments. The empirical findings reveal three key dimensions: students are active place-producing agents rather than passive consumers of urban space; their practices reflect communal values, blurring boundaries between private and public space; and the emergence of campushood challenges existing studentification discourses by connecting students' lifeworlds across temporal and spatial dimensions. Ultimately, this study contributes to debates on spatial justice by conceptualizing “spatial capital” and foregrounding students’ voices and spatial practices in urban discourses.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Space Ontology
  topic: keywords
subject: Campushood
  topic: keywords
subject: Dispositionality
  topic: keywords
subject: Makerere University
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial Capital
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Dwelling
  topic: keywords
creator: Jamie J. Yoon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 1
ending page: 286

Towards Occupant-Centered Automated Façades
type: item
description: This dissertation investigates how interaction strategies shape occupant responses to automated façades in office buildings, contributing to reducing the gap between predicted and actual performance. Automated façades, such as roller shades, venetian blinds, and switchable glazing, offer potential to reduce energy demand and improve indoor environmental quality. However, their effectiveness is often undermined by misalignment between automated control logic and occupant comfort requirements, leading to dissatisfaction and frequent manual overrides. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines systematic literature reviews, controlled laboratory experiments, and large-scale surveys. The findings show that while automated façades can substantially reduce lighting energy use, their overall performance depends strongly on occupant interaction. Five key factors influence acceptance: personal preferences, environmental conditions, context, façade technology, and control logic. In particular, interaction design, such as how quickly and in what way façade systems adjust, control usability, and information availability, plays a critical role in shaping satisfaction and behavior. Experimental results demonstrate that disruptive automation increases override actions, whereas systems that are understandable, predictable, and easy to control foster trust and acceptance. Survey data further show that occupants prefer differentiated levels of automation depending on context, building service, and time of day, with a general tendency toward “mixed-control” strategies. The dissertation frames an “interaction gap,” arguing that energy efficiency and occupant comfort depend on occupant-centered design. It concludes that effective façade strategies must integrate clear communication, low-effort override options, and context-sensitive control.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Automated Façades
  topic: keywords
subject: Building Automation
  topic: keywords
subject: Human-Building Interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
  topic: keywords
subject: Control Interfaces
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupant Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Office Buildings
  topic: keywords
creator: Pedro Pablo de la Barra Luegmayer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-04
publication date: 2026-06-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 244

Visual Heritage Landscape Research
type: item
description: Heritage landscapes are shaped, experienced, and interpreted through vision. Visual qualities such as openness, enclosure, depth, skyline continuity, landmark prominence, and view accessibility strongly influence how heritage values are perceived and how spatial change is judged. However, research on visual heritage landscapes remains fragmented: studies often prioritize either spatial-technical analysis or perception-based evaluation, while the relationships among data, methods, and research aims remain implicit. This limits methodological comparability, transferability, and practical application. This dissertation develops a pathway-oriented framework for visual heritage landscape research by integrating three core components: data, methods, and content. Rather than treating methods as isolated techniques, it conceptualizes research as structured pathways that connect evidence, analytical procedures, and intended outputs. Based on a systematic review and typological synthesis, four expanded pathways are proposed and tested through case studies of a historic garden, a historic urban area, an urban heritage landscape, and a rural heritage landscape. Across these cases, the thesis demonstrates how spatial modelling, multi-source geo-data, immersive technologies, and perception-based methods can be combined to explain visual mechanisms, assess environmental preferences, strengthen cross-scale interpretation, and support decision-making in conservation, planning, and design. The dissertation further develops a navigational model that helps researchers and practitioners select and adapt pathways according to research objectives, data availability, and implementation needs. Overall, the thesis contributes a coherent and transferable framework that translates visual evidence into structured, interpretable, and actionable knowledge for heritage landscape conservation, planning, and design.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Visual Landscape Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Heritage Landscape
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Mapping
  topic: keywords
creator: Yuyang Peng
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 444

Cultivating Change
type: item
description: How do shared residential gardens change over time, and what can these changes teach us about designing spaces for collective life? This book explores these questions through an in-depth study of shared gardens as lived, negotiated and evolving landscapes. Grounded in long-term, on-site research, the dissertation approaches shared residential gardens as residential commons: spaces shaped by design intentions, everyday use, care and collective governance. Adopting an ethnographic perspective within landscape architecture, it attends to small-scale transformations, incremental adjustments and moments of negotiation through which gardens are continuously reinterpreted and reshaped by human and non-human actors alike. Using landscape transformation as an analytical lens, the research examines how spatial composition, social-ecological practices and governance arrangements interact over time. Shared gardens are treated as landscape laboratories in which patterns of change can be observed, traced and reflected upon, revealing how design and governance co-evolve in practice. The study is based on fourteen shared gardens in the EVA-Lanxmeer neighbourhood in Culemborg, the Netherlands, and is complemented by two comparative cases: De Kersentuin in Leidsche Rijn, Utrecht, and Vrijburcht on Steigereiland, Amsterdam, totalling twenty-three shared gardens. The findings show that the long-term quality of shared residential gardens depends less on fixed design solutions than on the capacity of spatial frameworks and collectively negotiated rules to accommodate change. Rather than treating design and governance as separate domains, this book understands them as interrelated and reflective practices that continually inform and reshape one another. In doing so, it positions landscape architecture as a time-based and relational discipline, offering insights for researchers and practitioners engaged with collective spaces and everyday landscapes.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: residential gardens
  topic: keywords
subject: residential commons
  topic: keywords
subject: garden governance
  topic: keywords
subject: garden design
  topic: keywords
creator: Mônica Veras Morais
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-28
publication date: 2026-05-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 368

Public Thresholds
type: item
description: Activating public life in space has been a concern in architecture and urban design, particularly within the liquid conditions of late modernity, where the separation between public and private are continously blurred. While theoretical discourse has shifted towards relational and dynamic understandings of publicness, design practice struggles to intentionally activate public life, especially within existing public interiors, revealing a gap between theoretical and spatial practice. This dissertation addresses this gap by exploring how design approaches can activate publicness in existing public interiors, adopting design-driven research (DDR) as a methodological framework, positioning design as an independent mode of enquiry. Through a series of situated spatial experiments, the research investigates how publicness can be activated in specific contexts to extract knowledge through iterative cycles of design, implementation, observation, and critical reflexivity. Cross-comparing and overlaying the design experiments, the findings conceptualise publicness as a dynamic threshold condition that emerges from the relations in an ecology of people, objects, nature, space, and institutions, that can be shaped through processes of spatial transformation. A key mechanism to articulate publicness in processes of spatial transformation proved to be collective creation: a tool for forming publics around shared matters of care through collective problematisation. Finally, the research contributed to desgin research by showing the capacity of design-driven spatial experimentation to produce situated and transferable knowledge. It also contributes to public space theory and design by reframing publicness as a relational process shaped by relational, embedded and emobdied design approaches allowing designers to intentionally engage and activate it within existing public interiors.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Public interiors
  topic: keywords
subject: Publicness
  topic: keywords
subject: Public thresholds
  topic: keywords
subject: Liminality
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial experimentation
  topic: keywords
subject: Design-driven research
  topic: keywords
subject: Co-creation
  topic: keywords
creator: Mar Muñoz Aparici
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 320

Justice, Welfare, and the Energy Transition
type: item
description: The energy transition is often framed as a technological and economic challenge, but its durability ultimately depends on something more fragile: social legitimacy. As energy prices rise and decarbonisation policies reshape everyday life, domestic energy deprivation – the inability of households to attain adequate energy services in the home – has emerged as a new social risk at the intersection of social, housing, and energy policy. When households cannot afford to heat their homes or must choose between energy and other basic needs, climate policy ceases to appear as a collective project and instead becomes a source of grievance. This thesis argues that preventing such deprivation is therefore not a peripheral social concern but a central condition for sustaining public support for the energy transition. Drawing on a sufficiency-oriented perspective on justice, it explores what a minimum social standard of domestic energy services entails and how it can be safeguarded as societies decarbonise. Yet contemporary welfare states remain poorly equipped to address this risk. These institutions were built to manage industrial-era risks tied to labour markets and demographic change, not the distributional consequences of transforming energy systems and housing infrastructures. Against this backdrop, this thesis examines how domestic energy deprivation can be identified, what structural drivers give rise to it, and which policy responses can effectively alleviate it. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis, it investigates different interventions and the institutional settings in which they emerge, thereby exploring how social protection can be future-proofed to underpin a just energy transition.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: energy deprivation
  topic: keywords
subject: energy transition
  topic: keywords
subject: energy poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: social welfare
  topic: keywords
subject: just transition
  topic: keywords
creator: Tijn Croon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 400

Solar Active Facade Design and Development
type: item
description: The global demand for cooling in the built environment is expected to increase in the near future due to factors such as climate change and rising temperatures. Solar cooling technologies offer a promising option to address the environmental challenges associated with the growing demand for space cooling. These technologies are based on producing conditioned air or chilled water using solar energy. Building façades have significant potential for integrating solar cooling technologies and are increasingly evolving into multifunctional components that actively contribute to building energy systems. Through the integration of energy-related services, façades can support energy savings while enhancing occupant comfort. Despite this potential, the widespread application of solar cooling integrated façades remains limited. This is largely due to various technical, economic, and process-related challenges that hinder broader adoption. Providing clear guidance to relevant stakeholders to assess current levels of technology adoption and address existing challenges can play a key role in enabling successful implementation. Accordingly, the main research question of this dissertation is as follows: How can the design and development of solar cooling integrated façades be guided to support their widespread application? The research project aimed to provide a product design and development framework for solar cooling integrated façades to support their widespread application. Developing such a framework required several steps, including identifying key challenges and critical aspects to be considered; determining enabling factors and future application prospects; developing strategies to guide façade design and evaluation; and identifying, outlining, and validating key decisions, required information, and involved stakeholders.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: renewable energy
  topic: keywords
subject: global climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: energy transition
  topic: keywords
subject: air conditioning
  topic: keywords
subject: envelope
  topic: keywords
subject: collaborative design
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamza Basel Hamida
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 314

Reconstructing Aleppo Together
type: item
description: The Syrian war has caused unprecedented destruction to the nation’s architectural heritage, endangering both its tangible fabric and intangible cultural values. Among the most affected areas is the Old City of Aleppo, where traditional courtyard houses, key bearers of cultural identity and social continuity, have suffered extensive damage. While post-Syrian-war reconstruction initiatives in Aleppo have largely focused on monumental buildings, the residential heritage has remained overlooked. This dissertation addresses this critical gap by developing a participatory, resident-based approach to the conservation and reconstruction of Aleppo’s residential heritage. Drawing upon data collected through on-site surveys, interviews, and questionnaires in three neighbourhoods of the Old City, the study identifies the principal administrative, legal, and socio-economic obstacles hindering sustainable reconstruction. In parallel, an analysis of Syrian policies related to residential heritage and international post-war reconstruction experiences highlights the importance of residents' participation, flexible regulations, and educational initiatives. Building on these findings, this dissertation proposes a co-creation educational programme designed to engage residents, architects, and craftsmen as active stakeholders in the reconstruction process. The programme delineates four phases of co-creation: co-diagnosis, co-design, co-implementation, and co-monitoring, each employing validated teaching and participatory methods adapted to the specific context of Aleppo. The proposed approach contributes to bridging the existing gap between official reconstruction procedures and the lived realities of post-war communities. Besides, it offers a replicable and adaptable approach that can be refined and applied to a wider range of conservation interventions in other post-war heritage contexts.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Residential Heritage
  topic: keywords
subject: Reconstruction
  topic: keywords
subject: Aleppo
  topic: keywords
creator: Christine Kousa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-12
publication date: 2026-03-12
starting page: 1
ending page: 196

Modelling Daylight for Existing Indoor Spaces
type: item
description: Despite the maturity of physically based daylight simulation tools, their broad applicability to existing buildings remains constrained. This is partly due to the lack of formal definitions that ensure comparability among models created in different contexts, partly due to inefficient techniques for input acquisition, and partly due to gaps in model calibration. This work addresses these limitations by first defining different levels of geometric agreement between digital and real indoor spaces, termed Geometrical Levels of Detail (GLoD). These levels represent degrees of geometric completeness and resolution. The study quantifies how those degrees of representation translate into errors in daylight simulation results. A similar framework is introduced for material inputs through Material Classes of Precision (MCoP). These classes represent different techniques for acquiring optical properties. The propagated uncertainty associated with each level of precision is systematically analysed to determine its influence on daylight simulation results. Third, a semi-automatic pipeline is developed to reconstruct simulation-ready geometry from LiDAR point clouds. The workflow includes preprocessing, watertight reconstruction of permanent objects, and detection and reconstruction of window boundaries with minimal user interaction. Its performance is evaluated using daylight availability and glare metrics. Fourth, image-based material characterisation techniques are assessed as accessible alternatives to laboratory measurements. Three techniques are validated, and their influence on daylight simulation results is quantified. A spectral uplifting method is further evaluated to reconstruct full spectral reflectance from RGB inputs for spectral daylight simulations. Finally, a calibration workflow for indoor spectral daylight simulation is introduced to account for uncertainties related to exterior conditions and window characterisation. Measured spectral irradiance data are used…
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Climate-based daylight modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: CBDM
  topic: keywords
subject: Existing buildings
  topic: keywords
subject: Indoor geometry reconstruction
  topic: keywords
subject: Image-based material characterization
  topic: keywords
subject: Spectral daylight simulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Nima Forouzandeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 192

Navigating mega-regionalization
type: item
description: Secondary cities are gaining increased attention in regionalism debates, reflecting both a critique of the excessive reliance on dominant core cities and a growing recognition of the multidimensional potential of smaller cities in polycentric regional systems. This concern is particularly evident in Chinese mega-regionalization, which promotes coordinated spatial relations between core cities and surrounding smaller cities as a key strategy to address intra-regional unevenness. However, despite more than two decades of implementation as a national spatial strategy, mega-regionalization has not substantially alleviated the challenges faced by secondary cities. These cities continue to experience polarization, as development factors concentrate in core cities, and peripheralization, as cores retain political centrality. Against this background, this research aims to find out how the coordination of core-secondary spatial relations can help secondary cities navigate mega-regionalization challenges. Two main findings are identified. First, mega-regionalization relies heavily on state-initiated spatial planning orientations to coordinate core-secondary spatial relations, structured around coexistence, connectivity, and cooperation. This framework is intended to integrate secondary cities into a more balanced regional system. In practice, however, this ambition has not been fully realized. Second, the gap between vision and outcome can be explained by governance mismatches across three dimensions: place, referring to insufficient endogenous capacities and willingness across localities; priority, reflecting divergent visions and value hierarchies among stakeholders; and actor, referring to institutional power asymmetries. These mismatches constrain both vertical coordination from top visions to local implementation and horizontal coordination between core and secondary cities. Theoretically, this study extends discussions of secondary cities in regionalism to the mega-regi…
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Mega-regionalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary city
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Coordination
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial relations
  topic: keywords
creator: Yizhao Du
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-12
publication date: 2026-03-12
starting page: 1
ending page: 292

Franco Purini
type: item
description: This doctoral research investigates Franco Purini’s work ‘Una ipotesi di architettura’ (1966–1968), examining it as both a foundational architectural inquiry and a hypothesis on drawing. Through a detailed analysis of Purini’s research, the dissertation develops the concept of an “architecture of drawing”—a critical framework in which drawing is not merely a representational tool but a form of architectural thought and theoretical investigation. Central to this work is the assertion that architectural drawing is inherently double: it generates and questions architectural meaning. This dual role reflects the tension within Purini’s method, in which drawing serves as both a tool and a conceptual field for dismantling the systems it constructs. The dissertation further explores how Purini’s grammar-based architectural language emphasises the autonomy and poetics of drawing. The investigation revolves around visual analysis and analytical drawings whose findings have been applied to reinterpreting a series of Purini’s projects. Finally, the thesis posits that the structure underlying the “architecture of drawing” is paratactical, enabling drawing to function as an open-ended form of architectural inquiry. Consequently, drawing can both reinforce and resist conventional design logic—a capacity that lies at the heart of its ongoing relevance and poetic potential in architectural practice. In summary, this research not only repositions ‘Una ipotesi di architettura’ as a critical episode in contemporary architectural thought but also affirms drawing as a mode of theoretical production. It establishes the architecture of drawing as both a methodological tool and a conceptual framework through which architecture itself can be reimagined.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
creator: Stefano Milani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-08
publication date: 2026-01-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 472

Urban Wilderness by Design
type: item
description: This thesis examines the practical integration of urban wilderness into spatial planning and design, aiming to establish actionable knowledge through a pattern language that supports ecologically driven and perceptually engaging urban environments. The thesis systematically explores four interconnected aspects: clarifying the conceptual foundations of urban wilderness in the urban planning and design discipline; investigating its spatial features and user perceptions; synthesizing design knowledge into structured wilderness design patterns; and validating their applicability through expert interviews and collaborative design experiments. First, the thesis maps the conceptual terrain of urban wilderness using scientometric and thematic analyses, identifying philosophical, ecological, and urbanistic dimensions while revealing a critical gap in design-oriented approaches. It establishes a methodological basis for translating wilderness ideas into planning and design practice. Subsequently, the thesis employs comparative case studies and mixed-method empirical research, including questionnaires, mental mapping, and behavioral observations, to generate both qualitative and quantitative insights into how urban wilderness is formed in practice and perceived by visitors. Building on these findings, the thesis formulates 24 design patterns that articulate context-sensitive strategies through natural, cultural, and social lenses, providing structured guidance for integrating ecological spontaneity and human intelligibility. Their applicability and usability are subsequently assessed through expert interviews and a collaborative design workshop, yielding reflections that refine the pattern language and indicate future directions. Overall, the thesis provides a cohesive framework for translating the concept of urban wilderness into practical design interventions that enhance ecological resilience and enrich human experience.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Landscape planning and design
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban wilderness
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Pattern Language
  topic: keywords
creator: Yuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-05
publication date: 2026-01-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 318

Integrating Urban Metabolism into Strategic Urban Planning
type: item
description: This thesis examines Urban Metabolism (UM) as a critical framework for advancing sustainability in urban development, focusing on its theoretical underpinnings, practical applications, and integration into strategic urban planning processes. The study aims to address the challenges cities face in resource management and environmental resilience by developing and applying UM indicators as tools to guide planners and policymakers. Structured across several chapters, the research explores UM’s conceptual evolution, methodological innovations, and practical implications for fostering circular and sustainable urban systems.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
creator: Yan Song
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 276

Decoding Open Data Intermediation Business Models
type: item
description: Open data intermediaries are crucial for the sustainability (i.e., long-term durability) of the open data ecosystem (ODE). They enhance the access to and the (re-) use of open data and connect other open data actors. Additionally, open data intermediaries play a role in mitigating information asymmetry between actors. However, despite the importance of open data intermediaries in the ODE having been widely acknowledged in research and practice, studies on open data intermediation business models are limited. This knowledge is essential to better understand the role of open data intermediaries within the ODE and provide recommendations to develop their business models in such a way that they support the overall sustainability of the ODE. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to understand how open data intermediation business models can support a sustainable ODE. The objective was addressed through four research questions (RQs).
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
creator: Ashraf Shaharudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-07
publication date: 2025-12-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 310

A Hospital Design Support System
type: item
description: Hospitals are inherently complex systems, characterized by two distinct dimensions of complexity. First, from a functional perspective, medical procedures inside a hospital are complex. Second, from a spatial and organizational standpoint, hospitals resemble small urban environments, where corridors function as streets and spatial units operate similarly to distinct land uses within a city. This dual-layered complexity underscores the profound impact of hospital layout on users’ visibility and walkability within the hospital. Consequently, hospital design extends beyond mere architectural considerations; it entails the creation of a system where inefficiencies and risks can arise if not planned carefully. To enhance the design of the hospital system, we propose the integration of early operational insights into the design process through the development of a decision support system, referred to as the Hospital Design Support System (HDSS). The HDSS aims to establish a robust and transparent evaluation framework for systematically assessing hospital layout performance in terms of functionality and operational efficiency. This dissertation begins with an introduction chapter (chapter 1), which explains the rationales for developing an HDSS. It provides an overview of the research background, objectives, and research questions, while also defining relevant terminology, research scope, and the proposed methodology. Chapter 2 presents a comprehensive literature review, summarizing the key design challenges associated with hospital layout designs in China. These challenges include overcrowding, long patient waiting times, long patient walking distances, and difficulty in wayfinding. The proposed HDSS aims to address these issues through simulation modelling and exploratory network analysis. Since both approaches require a well-structured foundational dataset to function effectively, the development of such a dataset is a prerequisite for the HDSS. To meet this requirement…
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Hospital Design Support System
  topic: keywords
subject: Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: China
  topic: keywords
creator: Zhuoran Jia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-08
publication date: 2025-11-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 176

Beweging in het plan
type: item
description: So far, the 21st century has called for great dynamism and change, with the need for adaptation breaking from the trends of decades past. Classic growth and protection challenges in spatial planning have now been augmented by transition challenges such as biodiversity recovery, the quest for alternatives to fossil fuels and resources, climate adaptation and subsequent water management and the increasing tendency to prioritise broad-based prosperity over maximum economic growth. Each of these challenges makes significant claims on available space and has profound spatial effects, and each is set against a background of social unrest. Vast swathes of the electorate feel alienated from politics and politicians and are expressing their discontent in the voting booth. Implications for the planning field are twofold: the need to 1) increase spatial interconnection and 2) operate with great social sensitivity. The Dutch bring a long, proud tradition of spatial planning to these challenges, starting before WWII. Over this time, the fully integrated spatial plan served as a fulcrum in the spatial planning field. After all, the more topics that are addressed and considered in a spatial plan, the more links can be made, the closer the intended result comes to an optimal use of space, or so is believed. Full comprehensiveness (or ‘integrality’), however, also has its downsides, as a fully connected system is also a motionless system. The quest for integrality, then, can create paralysis, and the immediate reason for this study is the suspicion that Dutch spatial planning has too long and too blindly relied on the idea of a fully integrated spatial plan. A long, proud tradition, it seems, may blind its followers and stymie innovation. The main question of this study is: what can be the scope and focus of fully integrated spatial plans in modern-day Netherlands, and how do they relate to other spatial steering tools? By answering this main question, the study seeks to contribute …
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Spatial planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Netherlands
  topic: keywords
creator: Peter Paul Witsen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-08
publication date: 2025-11-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 328

3D Land Administration in line with the Spatial Development Lifecycle
type: item
description: Land administration (LA) is a cornerstone of sustainable development, environmental management, and inclusive governance. Yet, many Land Administration Systems (LASs) remain fragmented and technologically outdated, limiting their capacity to meet rapid urbanisation, informal tenure, and increasing demands for transparent, data-driven decision-making. Over the past decades, substantial research has been undertaken and prototypes developed for 3D LA solutions. The advantages of such approaches are well recognised: they provide greater legal certainty, enable more accurate property valuation, and establish a robust foundation for 3D spatial planning. Nevertheless, widespread implementation has not yet materialised, largely because the concept has been regarded as impractical at national scale. This dissertation investigates how 3D LA can be integrated into the wider Spatial Development Lifecycle, emphasising on data reuse, interoperability and alignment with international standards. It also investigates how legal, technical, and organisational dimensions of LA can converge with emerging technologies, including Building Information Model, crowdsourced surveys, and high-accuracy positioning. The key contributions include: an international standardised cadastral survey information model; an international standards’ based cadastral survey workflow; a methodology for developing LADM-based country profiles; an international standardised 3D spatial profiles of varying complexity; a web-based 3D LA prototype; the introduction of the data lifecycle concept in 3D LA. Several of these concepts have been acknowledged by ISO and OGC and have already been adopted in LADM Edition II (ISO 19152-2:2025). This work provides practitioners, policymakers, and researchers with the tools and vision to advance innovative, transparent, and future-ready LASs.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: 3D land administration
  topic: keywords
subject: LADM
  topic: keywords
subject: surveying
  topic: keywords
subject: BIM
  topic: keywords
subject: interoperability
  topic: keywords
creator: Eftychia Kalogianni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 340

Evaluating Participatory Planning
type: item
description: This research examines the impact of participatory planning on the realisation of public interests in urban regeneration, establishing an analytical framework to assess how participation shapes spatial transformations. Focusing on Taipei, it investigates the roles of public and private actors, statutory participatory processes, and resulting spatial changes. Two primary objectives guide the study: proposing a framework for assessing participatory processes and spatial outcomes and analysing Taipei’s diverse urban regeneration approaches—private-led, public-led, and social housing as a regeneration strategy. Six key questions explore literature on participation, evaluation indicators, policy evolution, implementation practices, spatial influences, and the effects of statutory methods like public hearings. Grounded in communicative planning thought, the research introduces the Inclusive Radar, adapted from Fung’s Democracy Cube, with axes for Participant, Communication and Decision-Making, Authority and Power, and Spatial Transformation. Employing case-study methodology, it integrates semi-structured interviews, site visits, meeting notes analysis, and cross-case comparisons. Findings reveal property-owning stakeholders’ dominance, marginalising non-property-owning stakeholders despite participatory processes. Private-led projects prioritise procedural compliance, public-led ones mediate via community planners but hinge on owners’ consent, and social housing fosters distrust through ambiguous participation. Overall, structures favour property rights, sidelining broader public interests like accessible facilities and green spaces. The study concludes that pre-assumed public interests restrict participation, with policy shifts emphasising property rights transfer and real-estate incentives. The Inclusive Radar offers a multidimensional tool for future applications, advocating policy reforms, capacity-building, and stronger public interest definitions to enhance inclusiv…
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Participatory planning
  topic: keywords
subject: housing
  topic: keywords
subject: urban regeneration
  topic: keywords
creator: Hsin-ko Yu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-04
publication date: 2025-09-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 308

Housing Affordability and Decarbonisation in Europe
type: item
description: Housing markets have produced structural inequalities evident in the unaffordability issues experienced by many households across Europe. Over the past century, housing has shifted from a domain of strong government intervention to one increasingly influenced by market forces. Today, as Europe decarbonises, not only affordability but also sustainability have become central to housing debates. This dissertation investigates how decarbonisation policies affect both housing affordability and provision. Following an essay-based structure (capita selecta), this thesis brings together studies on fiscal policy, sustainable finance, and social housing provision across various European settings. The dissertation is divided into two main parts. Part I, Affordability and Costs, employs quantitative methods to assess the economic impacts of decarbonisation on households. Part II, Provision and Finance, takes a qualitative approach to examine financing mechanisms for decarbonisation and social housing provision. While each part draws on distinct methodologies, together they provide an overview of how certain decarbonisation policies interact with housing systems at both household and structural levels. The findings show that current decarbonisation policies often favour wealthier homeowners through subsidies and tax incentives, while having a negative or mixed impact on renters, younger households, and low-income groups. To address these challenges, the thesis advocates for redistributive fiscal reforms—such as energy efficiency-linked property taxes—and stronger public institutions and regulations to guide investment towards equitable and sustainable housing provision. By placing affordability at the centre of decarbonisation policies, this dissertation aims to inform the development of transitional pathways that align both social and environmental goals.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
creator: Alejandro Fernández Pérez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 300

Analysing Low-Income Incremental Housing through Spatial Design and Governance
type: item
description: As cities across the globe grapple with rising urbanisation and housing shortages, over one billion people now reside in informal settlements. In South Africa, the legacy of apartheid planning, combined with systemic inefficiencies and rapid urban growth, has compounded the challenges of providing inclusive, sustainable low-income housing. While extensive research exists across disciplines such as architecture, political science, and economics, much of it remains siloed—offering fragmented perspectives on an inherently complex issue. This dissertation takes a different approach. It examines low-income housing through a double lens: spatial design—how built form is created and how its context is developed—and governance—the aims, actors, and instruments involved in decision making. Using the K206 housing project in Alexandra, Johannesburg, as a case study, the research explores what happens when government plans meet residents’ lived experiences. It engages three key literature themes of low-income housing: informal settlement upgrading, state-subsidised housing, and incremental housing. Through interviews, surveys, and expert consultations, the research reveals how governmental aims—such as resident-responsive design, security of tenure, and income generation—were translated into built form, and how residents responded to and reshaped these interventions—sometimes in unexpected ways. The findings show that residents are not just recipients of housing policy—they actively reshape their environments and create their own systems of living, especially when dissatisfied with the systems they are dealt. The research highlights governance and spatial design complexities in South Africa and makes the case for interdisciplinary approaches that centre the voices of those most affected by housing policy.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
creator: Afua Wilcox
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 236

Reconfiguration of Practices towards a Circular Economy in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction sector
type: item
description: The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector is a major contributor to CO₂ emissions and resource consumption. In response, the Netherlands aims to make the sector 50% circular by 2030 and fully circular by 2050. However, the transition from a linear to a circular economy is complex due to technical, organisational, and cultural barriers. This dissertation explores how interorganisational behaviour and routinised practices within and beyond construction projects influence the realisation of circular ambitions. This research highlights the importance of top-down support, equal partnerships, shared goals, and intrinsically motivated individuals in construction projects. Trust, transparency, flexibility, and a shared team identity further foster the redefinition of traditional roles so as to drive innovation. However, factors such as focus on short-term cost and risk aversion often hinder progress. The dissertation further combines Sustainability Transitions Research (STR) and Social Practice Theory (SPT) into crossover frameworks that capture both systemic change and everyday practices. These are used to analyse (mis)alignments in the system-of-practices around construction projects. It was found that using secondary materials often clashes with notions of quality, safety, and aesthetics. Increasingly, Circular Building Hubs (CBHs) are brought forward as answer to this problem. This research shows that these hubs can be accelerators in the transition, though they are seen as temporary rather than permanent solutions. Ultimately, no single intervention will enable the shift to circularity. Instead, multiple coordinated changes in practices are needed. This dissertation provides tools for researchers and practitioners to navigate this complexity and encourages learning, experimentation, and a systemic approach to support sector-wide transitioning.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Construction sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Transition
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Reconfiguration
  topic: keywords
subject: System change
  topic: keywords
creator: Mart van Uden
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-26
publication date: 2025-05-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 280

Circular and Adaptable Building Transformation
type: item
description: Existing buildings are changing assets, altered in response to various external or internal triggers for change. Often, change can occur in the form of adaptive reuse – also known as building transformation. Therefore, promoting adaptability in transformation is necessary to cope with the inevitability of building changes. Building transformation is considered an effective practice contributing to the circular economy (CE) and building adaptability as a prerequisite for circular design. However, previous research pointed out that building stakeholders lack knowledge about the alignment between CE and adaptive reuse. This study aims to provide building and real estate practitioners with a guiding framework for promoting circularity and adaptability in adaptive reuse projects. A quadrant research design was used in this study to develop and apply the framework in practice. The four components of this research are four stepwise studies, namely theoretical – an integrative literature review, empirical – multiple case studies, participatory – framework co-development, and actionable – framework implementation. First, the integrative literature review contributed to theoretically conceptualizing the underlying concept of this research – the circular building adaptability (CBA), which brings together circularity and adaptability. Second, the multiple case studies contributed to extracting lessons learned about applicable CBA strategies in adaptive reuse and their enabling and inhibiting factors. Third, the participatory study contributed to co-developing a descriptive framework for CBA in adaptive reuse (CBA-AR). Finally, the action research study contributed to testing and improving the usability and effectiveness of the CBA-AR framework based on observing, acting, and reflecting on a case project.
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Adaptability
  topic: keywords
subject: Adaptive reuse
  topic: keywords
subject: Built Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Circularity
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Basel Hamida
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-16
publication date: 2025-06-16
starting page: 1
ending page: 278

Harde stad, zachte stad
type: item
description: There is something irrevocable in architecture. In contrast with a painting or a musical play, one cannot alter an architectural work of art other than by blowing it up or pulling it down. Streets, buildings, squares and parks are part of the hard, physical environment in which we organize our lives. But why conceptualize architecture as a finished product? What happens when the plans have been drawn, the buildings completed, the public space decorated and the pictures taken for design journals and marketing advertisements? How does the ‘hard’ city of architecture and urban planning relate to the ‘soft’ city of residents and users? How do people appropriate the planned city and make it their home? The thesis ‘Hard city, soft city’ is an anthropological study on the role of images and symbolic representations in the social production of urban space in Nieuwland, a post-war neighborhood of Schiedam, which is undergoing a process of large-scale restructuring. A central theme of the book is the intersection between planned and lived space. That is, between the city as object of planning and policy and as an object of everyday identity formation. The architecture and urban structure of post-war neighborhoods have been subject of numerous publications, but it is striking how little we know about everyday life that has unfolded in the years after completion. The book sets out to approach urban space not only from a physical and architectural point of view, but also as a social and cultural domain which is claimed by various groups and institutions. This is examined through the images, symbols and stories used by professionals and residents to give form, meaning and substance to urban space, such as in branding and narrative cartography. Using the philosophical work of Michel de Certeau and Henri Lefebvre, the book examines how an anthropology of urban space contributes to our knowledge on the city, as a political object of policy, architecture and planning and as an everyd…
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: architecture
  topic: keywords
subject: urbanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Schiedam
  topic: keywords
subject: Nieuwland
  topic: keywords
creator: Leeke Reinders
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2016-12-04
publication date: 2016-12-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 254

From access to re-use
type: item
description: If data are the building blocks to generate information needed to acquire knowledge and understanding, then geodata, i.e. data with a geographic component (geodata), are the building blocks for information vital for decision-making at all levels of government, for companies and for citizens. Governments collect geodata and create, develop and use geo-information - also referred to as spatial information - to carry out public tasks as almost all decision-making involves a geographic component, such as a location or demographic information. Geo-information is often considered “special” for technical, economic reasons and legal reasons. Geoinformation is considered special for technical reasons because geo-information is multi-dimensional, voluminous and often dynamic, and can be represented at multiple scales. Because of this complexity, geodata require specialised hardware, software, analysis tools and skills to collect, to process into information and to use geoinformation for analyses. Geo-information is considered special for economic reasons because of the economic aspects, which sets it apart from other products. The fixed production costs to create geo-information are high, especially for large-scale geo-information, such as topographic data, whereas the variable costs of reproduction are low which do not increase with the number of copies produced. In addition, there are substantial sunk costs, which cannot be recovered from the market. As such, geo-information shows characteristics of a public good, i.e. a good that is non-rivalrous and non-excludable. However, to protect the high investments costs, re-use of geo-information may be limited by legal and/or technological means such as intellectual property rights and digital rights management. Thus, by making geo-information excludable, it becomes a club good, i.e. a non-rivalrous but excludable good. By claiming intellectual property rights, such as copyright and/or database rights, and restricting (re-)use th…
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: open data
  topic: keywords
subject: geoinformation
  topic: keywords
creator: Frederika Welle Donker
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2016-12-06
publication date: 2016-12-06
starting page: 1
ending page: 282

Alignment of Partnering with Construction IT
type: item
description: Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) are seen as innovations that can manage complexities in construction by focusing on integrating processes and products respectively. Whereas these two innovations have been considered compatible, their practical combination has been mainly anecdotal. The Netherlands was the locale of this study, where both SCM and BIM have been popular approaches. The research objective is to explore their real-world combination and propose strategies for the alignment of SCM and BIM, by viewing Supply Chain (SC) partnering as the inter-organisational proxy of SCM. The main question is: “How to align the SCM philosophy with BIM technologies to achieve integration in the construction industry? What aspects contribute to this alignment?”. The methodology was mixed and both qualitative and quantitative data were analysed. The overarching method was case study research and the unit of analysis was the firm, also referred to as ‘actor’. After a semi-chronological review of the relevant literature, the two constructs of SCM and BIM were found interdependent in product-, process-, and actor-related (P/P/A) dimensions. The study consisted of four other consecutive studies. First, empirical insights into the practical implementation of SC partnering and BIM were obtained via the exploration of five cases. Second, a conceptual model for the quantitative analysis of the product-, process-, and actor-related dimensions was designed. Third, this model and mixed methods were applied to two polar (extreme) cases to analyse the contractual (typically SC-related), digital (typically BIM-related), and informal interactions among the involved actors. Fourth, an additional theoretical exploration of the BIM-enabled SC partnerships took place with focusing also on intra-organisational relations within the involved firms. After the four studies, the findings were systematically combined to create the theoretical synthesis, i.e. genera…
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Building Information Modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Supply Chain Management
  topic: keywords
subject: SCM
  topic: keywords
subject: BIM
  topic: keywords
creator: Eleni Papadonikolaki
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2016-11-29
publication date: 2016-11-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 328

Adaptive Planning for Resilient Coastal Waterfronts
type: item
description: Many delta and coastal cities worldwide face increasing flood risk due to changing climate conditions and sea level rise. The question is how to develop measures and strategies for existing urban coastal areas that can anticipate these slowly changing conditions, such as gradually increasing sea levels and extreme river discharges. There is growing recognition that the increasing vulnerability of urbanised delta and coastal cities is strongly related to urbanisation, changing socio-economic conditions and human-induced land subsidence. Consequently, in response to climate change, it is likely to be most effective to adapt existing urban environments and urban assets, and promote flood sensitive behaviour in combination with prevention based approaches, aiming to improve the whole capacity of the urban system to deal with changing and more extreme conditions in the future. This approach is known as the resilience approach. Although there is much focus on resilience in research and practice, it still lacks knowledge on the effectiveness of measures, and increasing coastal flood resilience is mostly understood in terms of risk reduction and not yet as an opportunity for change and creating liveability. In addition, it lacks knowledge on processes of urban development, management and change at the neighbourhood level as an important condition for creating coastal flood risk resilience and to create added value. The main research question of this thesis is therefore twofold: “how can we adapt existing coastal urban waterfront areas to changing climatic circumstances and how can we take this adaptation process as an opportunity for creating added value?” When adapting urban environments three challenges can be identified. First of all, it is necessary to understand under what conditions coastal urban systems become less resilient and adaptation is needed, and what (combinations) of measures are most effective to improve resilience. Secondly, key to the successful adaptati…
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
creator: Peter Christiaan van Veelen
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2016-11-25
publication date: 2016-11-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 248

Revisiting Urban Dynamics through Social Urban Data
type: item
description: The study of dynamic spatial and social phenomena in cities has evolved rapidly in the recent years, yielding new insights into urban dynamics. This evolution is strongly related to the emergence of new sources of data for cities (e.g. sensors, mobile phones, online social media etc.), which have potential to capture dimensions of social and geographic systems that are difficult to detect in traditional urban data (e.g. census data). However, as the available sources increase in number, the produced datasets increase in diversity. Besides heterogeneity, emerging social urban data are also characterized by multidimensionality. The latter means that the information they contain may simultaneously address spatial, social, temporal, and topical attributes of people and places. Therefore, integration and geospatial (statistical) analysis of multidimensional data remain a challenge. The question which, then, arises is how to integrate heterogeneous and multidimensional social urban data into the analysis of human activity dynamics in cities? To address the above challenge, this thesis proposes the design of a framework of novel methods and tools for the integration, visualization, and exploratory analysis of large-scale and heterogeneous social urban data to facilitate the understanding of urban dynamics. The research focuses particularly on the spatiotemporal dynamics of human activity in cities, as inferred from different sources of social urban data. The main objective is to provide new means to enable the incorporation of heterogeneous social urban data into city analytics, and to explore the influence of emerging data sources on the understanding of cities and their dynamics. In mitigating the various heterogeneities, a methodology for the transformation of heterogeneous data for cities into multidimensional linked urban data is, therefore, designed. The methodology follows an ontology-based data integration approach and accommodates a variety of semantic (web) and l…
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: Urban dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: Social urban data
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban data science
  topic: keywords
subject: GIScience
  topic: keywords
subject: Human activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatiotemporal analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Semantic integration
  topic: keywords
subject: SocialGlass
  topic: keywords
subject: OSMoSys
  topic: keywords
creator: Achilleas Psyllidis
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2016-11-17
publication date: 2016-11-17
starting page: 1
ending page: 334

Policy Instruments to Improve Energy Performance of Existing Owner Occupied Dwellings
type: item
description: The aim of this thesis is to add knowledge to the role and impact of policy instruments in meeting energy performance ambition in the existing owner occupied housing stock. The focus was instruments available in the Netherlands in 2011 and 2012. These instruments represented the ‘on the ground’ efforts to meet climate change targets and many continue to do so today in the same or slightly altered forms. At international level there is a recognized need to keep global temperatures within the range of 1.5 - 2°C above pre-industrial levels (Carrington, 2016). At European level, the 2020 package contains a series of binding legislation to help the EU meet its more immediate climate and energy targets. 2020 targets include 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emission, 20% of EU energy obtained from renewable sources and 20% improvement in energy efficiency. 2020 targets for the Netherlands are a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a 14% increase in energy generation from renewable sources (Vringer et al., 2014). A raft of policies has been produced over the last number of decades from international to local level to orientate action towards targets. At European level the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) drives efforts at reducing energy among one of the biggest players, the building sector. By requiring a mandatory certificate at the point of sale and rent of buildings and making regulatory demands on existing buildings the EPBD upped the ante of what could be expected from the building sector, but especially the existing dwelling stock. National governments have already been tackling existing dwellings for decades propelled by the energy crisis and later by climate change policy. Information campaigns, subsidies, energy taxes, energy loans and tailored advice are among the instruments that have been available to homeowners to carry out works on their dwellings to reduce energy consumption. In recent years, the pace of efforts has increased due to, …
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: policy instruments
  topic: keywords
subject: climate change
  topic: keywords
creator: Lorraine Colette Murphy
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2016-11-14
publication date: 2016-11-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 242

De gevel – een intermediair element tussen buiten en binnen
type: item
description: This study is based on the fact that all people have a basic need for protection from other people (and animals) as well as from the elements (the exterior climate). People need a space in which they can withdraw from the rest of the world. The two states, inside and outside, public and private, contact with, or isolation from, the outside world, are relevant in fulfilling this basic need. People also want their home to have a certain appearance or status which they can identify with and which they can present to the outside world. This can also often be derived from the façade. The façade which is on a side which can be seen by the general public can be seen by the most people. Protection and appearance/status are two important characteristics of the façade. The term social filtering is used in this study to mean protection and face or mask to mean appearance/status. The means which can be used for protection embrace a broad spectrum, of which a fence, the doorstep (threshold), the door and shutters are just some initial examples. The means which can be used to lend status to a house are just as diverse. It is impossible to make a strict distinction between the means of social filtering and those of the face or mask and they often fulfil both functions. The façade as social filter and as face or mask of the residential building is the starting point of this study. Both the roles, as social filter and face of the home, have undergone great change as a consequence of the accommodation of several homes in the one building. The history of homes in the Netherlands shows that the individual house has only been one of many dwelling possibilities since the nineteenth century ; the ‘stacking’ of homes on top of each other in larger buildings, described as residential building, became a necessity in the cities. This is why this study is focussed on the residential building and its façade in the city in the Netherlands. Two questions formed the starting point for this study: …
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
subject: architecture
  topic: keywords
subject: facade
  topic: keywords
creator: Birgit Jürgenhake
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2016-10-12
publication date: 2016-10-12
starting page: 1
ending page: 596

De Landschapsarchitectuur van het Polder-boezemsysteem
type: item
description: The Dutch lowlands is an artificial landscape, created as a result of the wish to regulate the water that dominated the topography in the Delta. This ‘confined’ lowland water, the polder-boezem system12, features an enormously diverse range of water structures and forms, which largely dictates the spatial planning of the lower Netherlands. This dissertation concerns the polder-boezem system, a water system that was created by trial-anderror, has been adapted continually and now needs to be expanded to cope with the effects of climate change. The research focuses on answering the following question: What potential does the current polder-boezem system have, with the help of landscape architectonic design, to define (or redefine) the spatial identity of the lowlands? So that the lowland water can be discovered (or rediscovered) and reinforced as the spatial and compositional power of the (urban)landscape (chapter 1). The research into the landscape and landscape-architectonic quality and the potential contained within the polder-boezem system was carried out by reviewing drawings of both existing and self-produced charts (the overlay technique). The 4-form layer analysis method was used for the landscape-architectonic research. This research method, which was developed by the Chair of Landscape Architecture of the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment at TU Delft, reveals the design tools for a design. The research showed that it can also be used to analyse a man-made (cultural) landscape (chapter 2). The water vocabulary that has been illustrated and described introduces, as the basic premise for the research, the water-technical role and position of all the water elements that combine to make up the water system (chapter 3). The boezem water as a cohesive network was illustrated on the basis of this inventory, and the polder water was analysed using a cut-out of the area under study (chapters 4 and 6). The boezem network map, drawn on the scale of the st…
subject: Book (Full version)
  topic: section
creator: Inge Bobbink
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2016-10-11
publication date: 2016-10-11
starting page: 1
ending page: 356