The spatial relevance, design, and assessment
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Flexible use, Station-city integration, Urban design, Design assessment, UnderutilizationAbstract
Railway station areas with periodic event-driven demand experience overcrowding during peak periods and underutilization during off-peak periods. Traditional design standards mandate static dimensions tailored exclusively to peak capacities, creating oversized spatial voids off-peak. This thesis investigates how spatial design can enable flexible use—a dynamic strategy in which stations utilize neighboring urban spaces as temporary buffers during peak periods and open underutilized spaces for civic and leisure activities during off-peak periods—to mitigate overcrowding and underutilization while promoting station-city integration. Using case studies, research-by-design, and agent-based simulation (ABS), this research establishes the spatial relevance of operational bottlenecks and spatial configurations. It formulates six actionable design principles—focusing on visibility, reconfigurability, high-quality connections, dispersed layouts, human-centered spaces, and dynamic programming—and develops an ABS-driven assessment framework to evaluate multi-layered user needs (safety, speed, ease, comfort, experience). By shifting the design paradigm toward dynamic temporal-spatial utilization, this study offers actionable insights, guidance, and tools to create resilient, efficient, and integrated station areas.
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